Respiratory system
Renal system
Buffer systems (eg bicarb or PO4 etc)
Respiratory system response rate is rapid (within 24hrs) it compensates for metabolically caused alkolosis/acidosis. if there is acidosis then the respiratory system will try to blow off as much Co2 as possible which results in increased respiratory rate, if there is metabolic alkolosis then the opposite will occur in that the respiratory rate will slow inorder to have a higher amount of Co2 circulating at one time. the problem with repiratory compensation is that it can cause an induvidual to become very tired and it of course is not a long term solution or resolution it is simply a temporary acute compensation mechanism
(Co2 = carbonic acid production = lower pH levels)
Renal system response rate is slower to take affect, it aims to combat respiratory acidosis/alkalosis. in order to combat repirtaory acidosis it causes increased urinary excretion of hydrogen ions and increased resorption of HCO3−. This relatively slow process occurs over several days. the renal response to respiratory alkalosis is the opposite - inc urinary excretion of HCO3- and inc reabsorption of H+ ions. (hypoventilation = acidosis hyperventilation = alkalosis).
the buffer system response