Dr Alun Hughes

• Recall the processes involved in endochondrial ossification (i.e. a bit of revision from Jane Ille's lecture in MD2001)

• Explain the differences between a primary and secondary ossification centre (bit more revision, but taken a bit further!)

• Explain how disease and damage to the ephyseal plate will affect bone growth, including named examples of conditions that impact bone growth.

achondroplasia affects bone growth from a point mutation in the gene FGFR3 it causes long bones to not grow to correct length, other bones grow at a normal rate.

also if you obtain a buckle fracture it is possible to damage the epiphyseal growth plates in children which can cause bone deformities as the plates can be moved and damaged this type of fracture often occurs due to an outstretched hand attempting to break a fall

• Classify different types of fracture patterns (paying attention to the fact that there's multiple ways we could describe a fracture, so we're looking for an understanding of the typical patterns and terminology used, and what fracture types come with a lot of risk/difficulty in repairing. Also think about the relationship between trauma and the likely pattern observed)