Dr Paul Reynolds
| asbestos (blue) | UVB | Ionising radiation | aflatoxin | naphthylamine | benzpyrene | asbestos |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mesothelioma | squamous and basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas | thyroid cancer | Carcinoma of the liver | bladder cancer | skin, lung, and bladder cancer it can cause squamous cell carcinomas as it is present in tobacco during smoking | bronchogenic carcinomas |
Bladder cancer was very common in dye workers it was found that 2-naphthylamine in this form it is a pre-carcinogenic carcinogen meaning that it must be activated
the steps are highlighted above but I do love a paragraph as shown below
the liver converts 2-naphthylamine into 2-amino-naphthol which is a carcinogenic metabolite
it is then detoxified to glucuronide (not carcinogenic) and is secreted by the kidneys to the bladder
in the bladder human urothelial cells express Beta-glucuronidase which converts glucuronide to a carcinogen known as o-aminophenol
K-Ras and p53 are the two genes most frequently mutated in smoking- related lung cancers this is a form of active inducation of cancer
passive induction of cancer can occur by secondary smoking, a person in a household may smoke and the fumes and smoke from this will affect the other individuals present in the household and this can cause them to develop the same problems that the primary smoker is developing