what is the limbic reward loop

the reward centre (Ventral tegmentsl area) send dopaminergic signals to the limbic system, these then travel arounf the limbic rewrad loop which is though to be the reason why people become addicted to things

the limbic reqrad loop consists of

Nucleus accumbens - Ventral pallidum - mediodorsal thalamus - medial prefrontal cortex and then back to nucleus accumbens

it originates form the ventral tegemntal area which first stimulates this loop

which condition reduces the activity of the insular cortex, and what is the effect of this

insular cortex mediates the feelings of disgust when eating or seeing something

it also mediates the feelings of feeling bad for what is happening to someone else

huntingtons disease impairs the visual characteristics associated with disgust and results in impairmemt of the insular cortex

what is able to reduce activity in the ascending pain pathway? - also what does this cause

PAG is able to reduce activity in the Ascending Pain Pathway APP

its effects are agonised by endorphins and opiates

it causes less pain perception