• 1. Explain why 'whistleblowing' in medicine can be difficult

whistleblowing is in relation to speaking out when things are wrong or not as they should be think about lucy letby case

because the consequences are on peoples mind.

as well as the fact that many doctors were not adequately supported after doing so and even had to move job

• 2. Name common factors that contribute to basic error-making in medical practice, and understand the actions doctors can take to combat them

6 common factors inc

common sense actions…e.g. inc extracurricular cut down shift time ask for support etc etc etc

• 3. Contrast a person-centred approach and a systems-based approach to addressing medical errors, and give examples of each

person centred approach involves focusing on the individual doctor. what can the doctor themselves do to make the situation better in the future and or to ensure it doesnt occur again? did it occur due to too much work load? ok so drop in shifts too much stress? ok so drop shidts inc extracurricular and fun activities

systems-based approach Considers the environment, and seeks to minimise opportunities for error. can team talks be done? can medications that look similar be moved from each other? etc etc

• 4. Explain what is meant by 'human factors' and identify ways of reducing errors through a systems-based approach

human factors are errors made due to human error e.g. picking up the wrong medication because it looked similar or you didn't read/calculate the dosage correctly for the patient

Rather than focusing corrective efforts on punishment or remediation, the systems approach seeks to identify situations or factors likely to give rise to human error, and change the underlying systems of care in order to reduce the occurrence of errors or minimize their impact on patients.