To identify the major routes across capillary membranes of fluids, solutes and larger molecules/proteins.

there are different types of capillaries, continuous capillaries do not let anything large pass across them

Fenestrated capillaries exhibit pores in the endothelial cells that allow small substances to pass through. Sinusoid capillaries exhibit large openings in the endothelial cells as well as a discontinuous basement membrane; this allows for much greater movement of fluid and cells into and out of the capillaries.

hydrostatic pressure

is when fluid is pushed OUT of the capillaries into the interstitum, the Hydrostatic pressure changes as you move along the capillary from the arterial end to the venous end the arterial end has a higher level of pressure and so more fluid is pumped out of it into the interstitial space and a slightly dec gradient continues to the venous end.

oncotic & osmotic pressure

Oncotic pressure is the diffusion of water into areas of high charges from PROTEINS vs areas of low charge, in capillaries for example areas of high charge exist in capillaries as proteins cannot diffuse out of them so this draws water in. known as oncotic pressure

osmotic pressure is ALMOST the same thing however it does not involve proteins instead it involves ions, or other things

Oncotic pressure brings water from the interstitum into the capillary

these are known as starlings forces together, they do not equalise with each other there is more OUT (hydrostatic pressure) than IN (oncotic pressure) and so in order for the body to balance this out - it uses the lymphatics system the lymphatic system clears and ddrains through 2-3 litres of fluid a day

To explain how Starling’s forces contribute to fluid homeostasis and the net transcapillary movement of water across capillary beds, including the importance of the lymphatic system.

all explained above :)

To describe the factors which affect venous return and consequently determine cardiac output and blood pressure.

the autonoic nervous system is a big factor