Describe how the kidneys integrate salt and water balance in terms of regulating extracellular fluid volume and extracellular fluid osmolality.

Define what the effective circulating volume is and how it is sensed.

Describe how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) responds to a drop in the effective circulating volume.

Give a brief overview of how the 3 additional pathways: renal sympathetic nerve activity, AVP and ANP act to correct a low effective circulating volume.

Describe how diuretics lower blood pressure by targeting the effective circulating volume.