• Awareness of the theory of fluid and electrolyte balance.

in Primary care everything apart from bicarb may be requested, bicarbonate may not be due to its perishable state and so when the sample is set to reach the lab it wouldnt be identifiable.

in secondary care bicarbonate is available as the lab is on site, howveer it cannot be randomly added afterwards as an afterthought it must be a fresh sample.

Na, K and creatinine are standard for both secondary and primary care

UREA and Cl may be requested by both

Bicarbonate may be requested by secondary care only

U&Es - Allow clinician to make a broad estimate of electrolyte homeostasis and hydration status.

eGFR and AKI flags can be calculated/deduced from U&Es

• Understanding of the concepts of volumes, compartments, content, concentration and input/output.

good anki on that

• Appreciation that fluid and electrolyte balance is central to the provision of appropriate acute clinical care.