• Identify which pathogens commonly cause UTIs

E.coli

stimulates its siderophores to actovate iron machinary in the body to help it get iron and stimulate growth and reproduction. a biolayer may form after a monolayer of E.coli forms.

Can have typeP or type1 fimbrae, if it has type 1 the bacteria may become internalised in phagocytes and epithelial cells.

Virulence factors of E.coli include

KAntigen = polysaccharide which forms a micro-capsule and causes resistance to phagocytosis

Haemolysin = Cytolytic exo-protein which damages tissue membranes in vivo and causes kidney damage

Proteus mirabilis

Gram-negative produces

Urease which breaks down urea and neutralises it changing the pH enviroment to a more alkaline one

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Gram-Positive

is found in the normal female perineum and vagina microbiota

sexual activity causes an increase in the risk of it becoming a UTI and is a common cause of community aquired UTI

Candida albicans

is a fungus